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class 10 bio chapter 8 mcqs

Biology class 10

Biotechnology

MCQs (1–100)


  2. Biotechnology is the branch of science that deals with
    a) Study of fossils
    b) Use of living organisms in technology
    c) Celestial bodies
    d) Human anatomy
    Answer: b

  3. The term "Biotechnology" was first used by
    a) Louis Pasteur
    b) Karl Ereky
    c) Watson
    d) Alexander Fleming
    Answer: b

  4. Which of the following is a product of biotechnology?
    a) Bread
    b) Insulin
    c) Rice
    d) Soap
    Answer: b

  5. Which organism is commonly used in fermentation?
    a) Bacteria
    b) Amoeba
    c) Yeast
    d) Virus
    Answer: c

  6. The process of inserting a gene from one organism into another is called
    a) Cloning
    b) Mutation
    c) Genetic engineering
    d) Breeding
    Answer: c

  7. Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are produced using
    a) Embryo transfer
    b) Tissue culture
    c) Genetic engineering
    d) Selective breeding
    Answer: c

  8. Which of the following is a genetically engineered product?
    a) Organic vegetables
    b) Bt cotton
    c) Antibiotics
    d) Honey
    Answer: b

  9. Bt cotton is resistant to:
    a) Fungal infections
    b) Bacterial wilt
    c) Insect pests
    d) Viruses
    Answer: c

  10. Which enzyme is used to cut DNA in genetic engineering?
    a) DNA polymerase
    b) Ligase
    c) Restriction enzyme
    d) Helicase
    Answer: c

  11. The first genetically modified crop was
    a) Tomato
    b) Corn
    c) Rice
    d) Potato
    Answer: a

  12. Insulin produced through biotechnology is known as:
    a) Natural insulin
    b) Recombinant insulin
    c) Artificial insulin
    d) Cloned insulin
    Answer: b

  13. The structure used to transfer genes into bacteria is called
    a) Nucleus
    b) Plasmid
    c) Chromosome
    d) Mitochondrion
    Answer: b

  14. Biotechnology is widely used in the production of
    a) Enzymes
    b) Medicines
    c) Hormones
    d) All of these
    Answer: d

  15. Which of these is used as a vector in genetic engineering?
    a) RNA
    b) Plasmid
    c) Ribosome
    d) DNA polymerase
    Answer: b

  16. Tissue culture is used to:
    a) Breed animals
    b) Produce medicines
    c) Clone plants
    d) Test blood
    Answer: c

  17. DNA fingerprinting is a technique used in:
    a) Agriculture
    b) Space science
    c) Forensics
    d) Astronomy
    Answer: c

  18. A cloned organism is
    a) Genetically unique
    b) Genetically identical
    c) Chemically similar
    d) Environmentally modified
    Answer: b

  19. Which of these is an application of biotechnology in agriculture?
    a) Organic farming
    b) GM crops
    c) Manual harvesting
    d) Use of compost
    Answer: b

  20. Bioreactors are used for:
    a) Waste management
    b) Growing bacteria
    c) Large-scale production of products
    d) Killing viruses
    Answer: c

  21. Golden rice is genetically modified to produce:
    a) Vitamin A
    b) Vitamin B
    c) Iron
    d) Zinc
    Answer: a

  22. Which microorganism is used to make curd?
    a) E. coli
    b) Streptococcus
    c) Lactobacillus
    d) Rhizobium
    Answer: c

  23. Recombinant DNA technology involves:
    a) Cutting and joining DNA
    b) DNA replication
    c) DNA translation
    d) RNA synthesis
    Answer: a

  24. Who is called the father of genetic engineering?
    a) Paul Berg
    b) Gregor Mendel
    c) Watson
    d) Crick
    Answer: a

  25. The field that combines biology and technology is called
    a) Biotechnology
    b) Biochemistry
    c) Biophysics
    d) Microbiology
    Answer: a

  26. Transgenic animals contain:
    a) Only natural genes
    b) Genes from other species
    c) No genes
    d) Animal-specific genes only
    Answer: b

  1. Which of the following tools is essential for cutting DNA molecules?
    a) Plasmid
    b) Restriction enzymes
    c) DNA ligase
    d) Polymerase
    Answer: b

  2. Which technique is used to make copies of DNA?
    a) DNA sequencing
    b) PCR
    c) Genetic code
    d) Transcription
    Answer: b

  3. What does PCR stand for?
    a) Protein Chain Reaction
    b) Polymeric Chain Reaction
    c) Polymerase Chain Reaction
    d) Polypeptide Chain Reaction
    Answer: c

  4. A crop modified to resist herbicides is an example of:
    a) Organic crop
    b) Hybrid crop
    c) Genetically modified crop
    d) Naturally grown crop
    Answer: c

  5. The enzyme used to join DNA fragments is:
    a) Helicase
    b) Ligase
    c) Polymerase
    d) Amylase
    Answer: b

  6. Genetic engineering is used to produce:
    a) Antibiotics
    b) Vaccines
    c) Insulin
    d) All of these
    Answer: d

  7. Which of the following is a benefit of biotechnology in agriculture?
    a) Decrease in food production
    b) Resistance to pests
    c) Reduced soil fertility
    d) Less crop variety
    Answer: b

  8. A genetically modified animal is:
    a) Cloned using stem cells
    b) Injected with antibiotics
    c) Modified by introducing foreign DNA
    d) Fed with artificial food
    Answer: c

  9. Which of the following is not a benefit of biotechnology?
    a) Disease resistance
    b) Genetic diversity
    c) Improved yield
    d) Environmental protection
    Answer: b

  10. Which vitamin is enhanced in Golden Rice?
    a) Vitamin C
    b) Vitamin B
    c) Vitamin A
    d) Vitamin D
    Answer: c

  11. What is a vector in genetic engineering?
    a) Disease-carrying organism
    b) Tool to transfer genes
    c) Organism that attacks crops
    d) Type of enzyme
    Answer: b

  12. Which of these is an example of ex-situ conservation?
    a) Forest reserves
    b) National parks
    c) Botanical gardens
    d) Natural habitats
    Answer: c

  13. The genetically engineered hormone for diabetes is:
    a) Adrenaline
    b) Insulin
    c) Testosterone
    d) Estrogen
    Answer: b

  14. Gene therapy is used to:
    a) Treat genetic disorders
    b) Cure infections
    c) Prevent cancer
    d) Change personality traits
    Answer: a

  15. What is cloning?
    a) Mixing genes
    b) Copying DNA manually
    c) Making genetically identical organisms
    d) Gene mutation
    Answer: c

  16. DNA fingerprinting is useful in:
    a) Cooking
    b) Space research
    c) Crime investigations
    d) Pollution control
    Answer: c

  17. What is the main advantage of using microbes in biotechnology?
    a) Fast growth
    b) High cost
    c) Toxicity
    d) Resistance to genes
    Answer: a

  18. Transgenic organisms contain genes from:
    a) Only their parents
    b) Other species
    c) Themselves
    d) Unrelated bacteria only
    Answer: b

  19. Which is an example of biotechnological waste management?
    a) Burning garbage
    b) Dumping in oceans
    c) Composting using microbes
    d) Throwing waste in rivers
    Answer: c

  20. A gene inserted in an organism to create GMO is known as:
    a) Chromatid
    b) Recombinant gene
    c) Allele
    d) Spliceosome
    Answer: b

  21. Which gas is produced by microbes during anaerobic digestion?
    a) Carbon monoxide
    b) Nitrogen
    c) Methane
    d) Oxygen
    Answer: c

  22. Which of these is a biofuel?
    a) Petrol
    b) Diesel
    c) Ethanol
    d) Kerosene
    Answer: c

  23. DNA fingerprinting is based on:
    a) Skin color
    b) DNA sequence variations
    c) Blood group
    d) Protein levels
    Answer: b

  24. Which of these is used as a biofertilizer?
    a) Cyanobacteria
    b) E. coli
    c) Virus
    d) Fungus
    Answer: a

  25. What is the function of DNA ligase in biotechnology?
    a) Breaks DNA strands
    b) Amplifies DNA
    c) Joins DNA fragments
    d) Denatures proteins
    Answer: c

  26. A major application of biotechnology in the medical field is:
    a) Waste recycling
    b) Vaccine production
    c) Harvesting crops
    d) Soil testing
    Answer: b

  27. DNA replication is essential in biotechnology to:
    a) Reduce genes
    b) Multiply DNA for experiments
    c) Destroy bacteria
    d) Preserve enzymes
    Answer: b

  28. What is the smallest unit of inheritance in genetic engineering?
    a) Chromosome
    b) Protein
    c) Gene
    d) Cell
    Answer: c

  29. Which technique helps identify individuals uniquely?
    a) PCR
    b) DNA fingerprinting
    c) Cloning
    d) Protein synthesis
    Answer: b

  30. In genetic engineering, which structure carries the foreign gene into the host cell?
    a) Ribosome
    b) Vector
    c) Enzyme
    d) Organelle
    Answer: b

  31. Recombinant DNA technology is also called:
    a) DNA testing
    b) Genetic fusion
    c) Gene cloning
    d) Protein synthesis
    Answer: c

  32. How many base pairs are in the human genome approximately?
    a) 1 million
    b) 100 million
    c) 3 billion
    d) 10 thousand
    Answer: c

  33. Which organism’s gene is inserted into Bt cotton?
    a) Fungus
    b) Bacteria
    c) Virus
    d) Algae
    Answer: b

  34. Which is used to deliver foreign DNA into plant cells?
    a) Insulin
    b) Agrobacterium
    c) Rhizobium
    d) Virus
    Answer: b

  35. Human Genome Project was launched to:
    a) Identify all human proteins
    b) Map all human genes
    c) Create clones
    d) Treat cancer
    Answer: b

  36. Which technique is used to separate DNA fragments?
    a) Chromatography
    b) Gel electrophoresis
    c) PCR
    d) Spectroscopy
    Answer: b

  37. Which of the following fields is least related to biotechnology?
    a) Zoology
    b) Bioinformatics
    c) Genetic engineering
    d) Astronomy
    Answer: d

  38. Which is the first cloned animal?
    a) Polly
    b) Molly
    c) Dolly
    d) Tolly
    Answer: c

  39. Cloning is mainly used for:
    a) Destroying cells
    b) Making exact copies
    c) Mutating cells
    d) Vaccinating animals
    Answer: b

  40. In tissue culture, the small part used to grow a new plant is called:
    a) Organ
    b) Explant
    c) Spore
    d) Gene
    Answer: b

  41. What type of crops are genetically modified to tolerate drought?
    a) Organic
    b) Hybrid
    c) Drought-resistant
    d) Rainfed
    Answer: c

  42. Which microorganism is used to make vinegar?
    a) Lactobacillus
    b) Acetobacter
    c) E. coli
    d) Rhizobium
    Answer: b

  43. In biotechnology, DNA is commonly taken from:
    a) Proteins
    b) Chromosomes
    c) Sugars
    d) Lipids
    Answer: b

  44. What do you call an organism with altered DNA?
    a) Clone
    b) GMO
    c) Mutant
    d) Hybrid
    Answer: b

  45. Which disease can be treated using genetically engineered insulin?
    a) Anemia
    b) Malaria
    c) Diabetes
    d) Cancer
    Answer: c

  46. The enzyme that copies DNA in PCR is:
    a) Ligase
    b) Restriction enzyme
    c) Taq polymerase
    d) Helicase
    Answer: c

  47. What is the main role of restriction enzymes?
    a) Join DNA
    b) Cut DNA at specific sites
    c) Replicate RNA
    d) Form proteins
    Answer: b

  48. Which type of cells are used in tissue culture?
    a) Bacterial cells
    b) Meristematic cells
    c) Blood cells
    d) Epidermal cells
    Answer: b

  49. DNA carries instructions for making:
    a) Proteins
    b) Sugars
    c) Lipids
    d) Hormones
    Answer: a

  50. A full set of an organism’s DNA is called:
    a) Chromosome
    b) Genome
    c) Plasmid
    d) Vector
    Answer: b

  51. Biotechnology is useful in producing:
    a) Antibiotics
    b) Vaccines
    c) Hormones
    d) All of the above
    Answer: d

  52. Which of the following is not a genetically modified product?
    a) Bt cotton
    b) Golden rice
    c) Organic wheat
    d) Flavr Savr tomato
    Answer: c

  53. Who discovered restriction enzymes?
    a) Watson
    b) Hamilton Smith
    c) Karl Ereky
    d) Pasteur
    Answer: b

  54. DNA fingerprinting can help in:
    a) Food production
    b) Catching criminals
    c) Water purification
    d) Treating fever
    Answer: b

  55. A GMO plant may contain genes from:
    a) Animal
    b) Bacteria
    c) Virus
    d) Any of these
    Answer: d

  56. Which of these is not used in genetic engineering?
    a) Restriction enzyme
    b) Ligase
    c) Ribosome
    d) Plasmid
    Answer: c

  57. In which year was the first artificial insulin produced?
    a) 1965
    b) 1978
    c) 1985
    d) 1990
    Answer: b

  58. Which of the following tools is used in recombinant DNA technology?
    a) DNA polymerase
    b) Ligase
    c) Restriction enzyme
    d) All of these
    Answer: d

  59. The full form of GMO is:
    a) Genetically Modified Organism
    b) Genetically Managed Organism
    c) Genetically Modified Output
    d) Genetically Mutated Organism
    Answer: a

  60. What is the use of fermentation in biotechnology?
    a) Kill bacteria
    b) Clone genes
    c) Produce products like alcohol
    d) Change DNA
    Answer: c

  61. Which country started the Human Genome Project?
    a) China
    b) USA
    c) UK
    d) India
    Answer: b

  62. What is the name of the first transgenic animal?
    a) Dolly
    b) OncoMouse
    c) Polly
    d) Tolly
    Answer: b

  63. Which tool helps in identifying inherited diseases?
    a) Gene therapy
    b) DNA fingerprinting
    c) Cloning
    d) None
    Answer: a

  64. The gene responsible for fluorescence in jellyfish is used in biotechnology as a:
    a) Marker gene
    b) Mutating gene
    c) Enhancer gene
    d) Silencer gene
    Answer: a

  65. Biotechnology uses which organisms the most?
    a) Insects
    b) Microorganisms
    c) Birds
    d) Amphibians
    Answer: b

  66. What is biopesticide?
    a) Natural pesticide from plants or microbes
    b) Chemical pesticide
    c) Spray from machines
    d) Artificial hormone
    Answer: a

  67. Which of these is used in organic farming?
    a) Antibiotics
    b) Biofertilizers
    c) GMOs
    d) Hormones
    Answer: b

  68. The term "biotechnology" combines:
    a) Biology + Chemistry
    b) Biology + Technology
    c) Chemistry + Physics
    d) Physics + Technology
    Answer: b

  69. Which of these is a concern regarding GMOs?
    a) High nutrition
    b) Disease resistance
    c) Environmental impact
    d) Larger size
    Answer: c

  70. A hybrid DNA molecule is formed using:
    a) One DNA source
    b) Two or more DNA sources
    c) RNA
    d) Proteins
    Answer: b

  71. What do genetically modified bacteria produce for medicine?
    a) Glucose
    b) Antibiotics
    c) Human insulin
    d) Vitamins
    Answer: c

  72. Recombinant DNA is also called:
    a) Natural DNA
    b) Cloned DNA
    c) Hybrid DNA
    d) Engineered DNA
    Answer: c

  73. What is the role of electrophoresis?
    a) Cut DNA
    b) Amplify DNA
    c) Separate DNA fragments
    d) Join DNA
    Answer: c

  74. Which field uses both IT and genetics?
    a) Biotechnology
    b) Biochemistry
    c) Bioinformatics
    d) Biophysics
    Answer: c

  75. Which of the following is an ethical concern in biotechnology?
    a) High crop yield
    b) Cost reduction
    c) Gene editing in humans
    d) Pest resistance
    Answer: c


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