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What is Chloroplast? – Structure, Function & Importance Explained Chloroplasts are one of the most essential organelles found in plant cells and some algae. These green structures play a key role in the process of photosynthesis, the method by which plants produce their own food. In this article, you’ll learn everything you need to know about chloroplasts—what they are, how they work, and why they matter in biology.  Definition of Chloroplast A chloroplast is a double-membraned organelle found in plant cells and eukaryotic algae that conducts photosynthesis . It contains the green pigment chlorophyll , which captures light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose (sugar) and oxygen .  Structure of Chloroplast Chloroplasts have a complex internal structure that is vital for their function. Here's a breakdown: 1. Outer Membrane Smooth and permeable to small molecules. Acts as a protective covering. 2. Inner Membrane Less permeable and cont...