class 10 bio chapter 6 mcqs

Biology class 10

Chapter no 6

Inheritance

1. The study of inheritance and variation is known as:
   a) Anatomy
   b) Physiology
   c) Genetics
   d) Evolution
   Answer: c

2. The father of genetics is
   a) Charles Darwin
   b) Gregor Mendel
   c) Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
   d) Watson
   Answer: b

3. In Mendel’s experiments, the tall trait in pea plants is
   a) Recessive
   b) Dominant
   c) Mutated
   d) Absent
   Answer: b

4. A unit of inheritance is called a:
   a) Protein
   b) Chromosome
   c) Trait
   d) Gene
   Answer: d

5. The alternative forms of a gene are called
   a) Chromosomes
   b) Alleles
   c) Traits
   d) Genotypes
   Answer: b

6. Which of the following determines the sex of a child?
   a) Egg
   b) X chromosome from mother
   c) Y chromosome from father
   d) Mitochondria
   Answer: c

7. A person with XY chromosomes is
   a) Male
   b) Female
   c) Both
   d) Undefined
   Answer: a

8. The physical appearance of an individual is called its:
   a) Genotype
   b) Phenotype
   c) Allele
   d) Trait
   Answer: b

9. The genetic makeup of an individual is known as:
   a) Phenotype
   b) Genotype
   c) Allele
   d) Dominance
   Answer: b

10. How many pairs of chromosomes are there in human cells?
    a) 22
    b) 23
    c) 46
    d) 44
    Answer: b

11. Traits that are passed from parents to offspring are called
    a) Environmental traits
    b) Acquired traits
    c) Hereditary traits
    d) Learned traits
    Answer: c

12. Which of the following is an acquired trait?
    a) Eye color
    b) Curly hair
    c) Pierced ears
    d) Blood group
    Answer: c

13. A homozygous dominant genotype is represented by:
    a) TT
    b) Tt
    c) tt
    d) TtT
    Answer: a

14. In Mendel’s pea plant experiment, a heterozygous tall plant is represented as
    a) TT
    b) Tt
    c) tt
    d) tTt
    Answer: b

15. If both alleles of a gene are the same, the genotype is
    a) Heterozygous
    b) Dominant
    c) Homozygous
    d) Recessive
    Answer: c

16. Which of these carries genetic information?
    a) Enzyme
    b) Protein
    c) DNA
    d) Ribosome
    Answer: c

17. Sex chromosomes in females are:
    a) XY
    b) YY
    c) XX
    d) X0
    Answer: c

18. In Mendel’s experiments, which trait was recessive?
    a) Tall stem
    b) Round seed
    c) Yellow seed
    d) Wrinkled seed
    Answer: d

19. Which of the following represents a hybrid genotype?
    a) TT
    b) Tt
    c) tt
    d) ttT
    Answer: b

20. Genes are located on:
    a) Ribosomes
    b) Cytoplasm
    c) Chromosomes
    d) Nucleus
    Answer: c

21. The offspring produced by crossing two different pure traits is called
    a) Purebred
    b) Hybrid
    c) Clone
    d) Variant
    Answer: b

22. What is a recessive gene?
    a) One that always shows its effect
    b) One that only expresses in the absence of a dominant gene
    c) One that is always harmful
    d) One that controls height
    Answer: b

23. What determines whether a trait is dominant or recessive?
    a) Gene location
    b) Environment
    c) Expression in phenotype
    d) Color of the plant
    Answer: c

24. Which molecule stores hereditary information?
    a) Protein
    b) RNA
    c) DNA
    d) Enzyme
    Answer: c

25. The number of autosome pairs in human cells is
    a) 20
    b) 21
    c) 22
    d) 23
    Answer: c

26. Which of these is not a Mendelian trait in pea plants?
    a) Flower color
    b) Pod shape
    c) Height of plant
    d) Number of flowers
    Answer: d

27. The ratio of dominant to recessive trait in Mendel’s monohybrid cross (F2 generation) is:
    a) 1:1
    b) 2:1
    c) 3:1
    d) 9:3:3:1
    Answer: c

28. The structure that carries genes is:
    a) Mitochondria
    b) Chromosome
    c) Golgi apparatus
    d) Ribosome
    Answer: b

29. What does a Punnett square show?
    a) Lifespan
    b) Breeding behavior
    c) Probability of traits in offspring
    d) Environmental impact
    Answer: c

30. Who discovered the structure of DNA?
    a) Mendel
    b) Darwin
    c) Watson and Crick
    d) Lamarck
    Answer: c

31. A child inherits blood group A from the father and O from the mother. The child’s blood group is:
    a) O
    b) AB
    c) A
    d) Cannot be determined
    Answer: c

32. Which of these is not a part of a DNA nucleotide?
    a) Sugar
    b) Phosphate
    c) Base
    d) Amino acid
    Answer: d

33. How many types of nitrogenous bases are found in DNA?
    a) 2
    b) 3
    c) 4
    d) 5
    Answer: c

34. Which of the following is a hereditary disease?
    a) Typhoid
    b) Diabetes
    c) Hemophilia
    d) Malaria
    Answer: c

35. In which cells are mutations in DNA passed to offspring?
    a) Skin cells
    b) Gametes
    c) Muscle cells
    d) Liver cells
    Answer: b

36. An individual with two identical alleles is:
    a) Heterozygous
    b) Homozygous
    c) Mutant
    d) Hybrid
    Answer: b

37. A cross between two different traits is called:
    a) Monohybrid
    b) Test cross
    c) Dihybrid
    d) Back cross
    Answer: c

38. Which chromosome combination results in a female child?
    a) XX
    b) XY
    c) YY
    d) XO
    Answer: a

39. The allele that gets expressed even when only one copy is present is:
    a) Recessive
    b) Dominant
    c) Mutant
    d) None
    Answer: b

40. Mendel’s laws are applicable to:
    a) Only pea plants
    b) Only animals
    c) All sexually reproducing organisms
    d) Asexual organisms
    Answer: c

41. DNA is a:
    a) Carbohydrate
    b) Lipid
    c) Nucleic acid
    d) Protein
    Answer: c

42. The number of sex chromosomes in human gametes is:
    a) 2
    b) 1
    c) 3
    d) 0
    Answer: b

43. A person with genotype ‘tt’ for height in pea plants will be:
    a) Tall
    b) Medium
    c) Dwarf
    d) Hybrid
    Answer: c

44. Mendel formulated how many laws of inheritance?
    a) One
    b) Two
    c) Three
    d) Four
    Answer: c

45. The chromosome number in a human sperm cell is:
    a) 23
    b) 46
    c) 22
    d) 44
    Answer: a

46. The physical expression of a gene is called:
    a) Allele
    b) Phenotype
    c) Genotype
    d) Trait
    Answer: b

47. Eye color and height in humans are examples of:
    a) Inherited traits
    b) Acquired traits
    c) Environmental traits
    d) None
    Answer: a

48. The 23rd pair of chromosomes in humans is called:
    a) Somatic chromosomes
    b) Autosomes
    c) Sex chromosomes
    d) Linked chromosomes
    Answer: c

49. A cross between Tt x Tt gives how many tall offspring in F2 generation?
    a) 1
    b) 2
    c) 3
    d) 4
    Answer: c

50. Hemophilia is caused due to mutation in:
    a) Autosomes
    b) X chromosome
    c) Y chromosome
    d) RNA
    Answer: b

51. Which one is not a trait studied by Mendel?
    a) Stem length
    b) Seed shape
    c) Seed color
    d) Leaf size
    Answer: d

52. If a pure tall is crossed with pure dwarf, F1 generation will be:
    a) All dwarf
    b) All tall
    c) 50% dwarf
    d) 75% tall
    Answer: b

53. Variation occurs due to:
    a) Asexual reproduction
    b) Mutations and sexual reproduction
    c) Pollution
    d) Environment
    Answer: b

54. Number of genes controlling a Mendelian trait:
    a) One
    b) Two
    c) Three
    d) Multiple
    Answer: a

55. Which of the following carries hereditary information from parent to offspring?
    a) Cytoplasm
    b) Nucleus
    c) Ribosome
    d) Mitochondria
    Answer: b

56. A person with genotype XXY suffers from:
    a) Turner syndrome
    b) Down syndrome
    c) Klinefelter syndrome
    d) Normal male
    Answer: c

57. Which base pair is not found in DNA?
    a) A–T
    b) G–C
    c) A–U
    d) T–A
    Answer: c

58. Dominant traits are expressed in:
    a) Heterozygous only
    b) Homozygous only
    c) Both heterozygous and homozygous
    d) None of the above
    Answer: c

59. Which of the following is not an inherited characteristic?
    a) Blood type
    b) Skin color
    c) Pierced nose
    d) Eye color
    Answer: c

60. Down syndrome is caused by:
    a) Deletion
    b) Extra chromosome 21
    c) Lack of chromosome
    d) Mutation in sex chromosome
    Answer: b

61. Which of the following is a genotype?
    a) Tall
    b) Tt
    c) Dwarf
    d) Yellow
    Answer: b

62. The hereditary information is carried in:
    a) Cell membrane
    b) Ribosomes
    c) DNA
    d) Mitochondria
    Answer: c

63. Which of these shows codominance?
    a) Blood group AB
    b) Height in humans
    c) Skin color
    d) Eye color
    Answer: a

64. An organism with different alleles for a trait is:
    a) Pure
    b) Hybrid
    c) Homozygous
    d) Clone
    Answer: b

65. Which of these is not a nucleotide base in DNA?
    a) Adenine
    b) Cytosine
    c) Guanine
    d) Uracil
    Answer: d

66. Which pair is correctly matched?
    a) TT – Dwarf
    b) Tt – Dwarf
    c) tt – Dwarf
    d) Tt – Pure
    Answer: c

67. Which scientist first used mathematical analysis in genetics?
    a) Darwin
    b) Lamarck
    c) Mendel
    d) Watson
    Answer: c

68. What is a monohybrid cross?
    a) Study of two traits
    b) Cross involving one trait
    c) Test for variation
    d) None of these
    Answer: b

69. Mendel’s experiments were done on:
    a) Tomato
    b) Corn
    c) Pea
    d) Sunflower
    Answer: c

70. Which is the smallest unit of inheritance?
    a) Gene
    b) Chromosome
    c) Allele
    d) Trait
    Answer: a

71. A woman has XX chromosomes and a man has XY. Which parent determines the child’s sex?
    a) Mother
    b) Father
    c) Both
    d) Environment
    Answer: b

72. The term ‘allele’ was coined by:
    a) Mendel
    b) Bateson
    c) Watson
    d) Morgan
    Answer: b

73. Genes are located in which part of the cell?
    a) Cytoplasm
    b) Nucleus
    c) Cell wall
    d) Mitochondria
    Answer: b

74. Which of these is inherited from parents?
    a) Tattoo
    b) Blood group
    c) Language
    d) Writing style
    Answer: b

75. Variation is useful for:
    a) Uniformity
    b) Evolution
    c) Similarity
    d) Destruction
    Answer: b

76. Who gave the theory of evolution by natural selection?
    a) Mendel
    b) Darwin
    c) Watson
    d) Morgan
    Answer: b

77. The double helix model of DNA was proposed by:
    a) Darwin and Mendel
    b) Watson and Crick
    c) Lamarck and Wallace
    d) Morgan and Sutton
    Answer: b

78. Which of the following is a sex-linked trait?
    a) Hemophilia
    b) Color blindness
    c) Both a and b
    d) None
    Answer: c

79. A Punnett square is used to show:
    a) Genotypic probability
    b) Energy flow
    c) Digestive enzymes
    d) Chemical reactions
    Answer: a

80. Eye color in humans is controlled by:
    a) One gene
    b) Multiple genes
    c) Hormones
    d) Environment
    Answer: b

81. A clone is genetically:
    a) Similar
    b) Different
    c) Diverse
    d) Mutated
    Answer: a

82. Which cross shows inheritance of two traits?
    a) Monohybrid
    b) Dihybrid
    c) Test cross
    d) Back cross
    Answer: b

83. Variation arises from:
    a) Identical reproduction
    b) Meiosis and mutation
    c) Binary fission
    d) Mitosis
    Answer: b

84. How many chromosomes are found in human body cells?
    a) 23
    b) 46
    c) 22
    d) 44
    Answer: b

85. What is mutation?
    a) Normal DNA copying
    b) Sudden change in gene
    c) Recessive trait
    d) Dominant trait
    Answer: b

86. In pea plants, round seed (R) is dominant over wrinkled (r). What will be the phenotype of Rr?
    a) Round
    b) Wrinkled
    c) Half-round
    d) Cannot say
    Answer: a

87. Which chromosome carries fewer genes?
    a) X
    b) Y
    c) 21
    d) 22
    Answer: b

88. Mendel’s principles are valid for:
    a) Only animals
    b) All plants
    c) All organisms with sexual reproduction
    d) Only bacteria
    Answer: c

89. Which of the following base pairs is correct in DNA?
    a) A–G
    b) T–G
    c) A–T
    d) A–U
    Answer: c

90. The process of passing traits from parents to offspring is called:
    a) Evolution
    b) Heredity
    c) Variation
    d) Mutation
    Answer: b

91. Sickle cell anemia is caused due to:
    a) Bacteria
    b) Mutation in gene
    c) Virus
    d) Pollution
    Answer: b

92. The process by which characters are transmitted to the next generation is:
    a) Mutation
    b) Heredity
    c) Variation
    d) Reproduction
    Answer: b

93. The father of evolution is:
    a) Darwin
    b) Mendel
    c) Watson
    d) Crick
    Answer: a

94. Phenotypic ratio in dihybrid cross (F2 generation) is:
    a) 9:3:3:1
    b) 3:1
    c) 1:2:1
    d) 1:1
    Answer: a

95. Traits that do not change DNA are called:
    a) Inherited
    b) Acquired
    c) Dominant
    d) Hybrid
    Answer: b

96. Characters that appear in the next generation are:
    a) Hereditary
    b) Temporary
    c) Artificial
    d) Physical
    Answer: a

97. DNA replication occurs in:
    a) Golgi body
    b) Ribosome
    c) Nucleus
    d) Cytoplasm
    Answer: c

98. Which of the following is recessive?
    a) TT
    b) Tt
    c) tt
    d) TTT
    Answer: c

99. The smallest unit of DNA is called:
    a) Gene
    b) Chromosome
    c) Nucleotide
    d) Ribose
    Answer: c

100. Who proved that DNA is the genetic material?
     a) Hershey and Chase
     b) Darwin
     c) Mendel
     d) Lamarck
     Answer: a