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CBSE MCQs of class 10 biology - solved all chapters

Chapter 1: Life Processes

MCQs (1–50)

  1. Which of the following is not a life process?
    a) Respiration
    b) Excretion
    c) Reproduction
    d) Walking
    Answer: d

  2. In plants, the process of photosynthesis occurs in:
    a) Mitochondria
    b) Chloroplast
    c) Ribosome
    d) Nucleus
    Answer: b

  3. Which of these is the primary site for cellular respiration?
    a) Nucleus
    b) Mitochondria
    c) Chloroplast
    d) Golgi apparatus
    Answer: b

  4. The mode of nutrition in fungi is
    a) Autotrophic
    b) Saprotrophic
    c) Parasitic
    d) Holozoic
    Answer: b

  5. The enzyme present in saliva is
    a) Lipase
    b) Amylase
    c) Pepsin
    d) Trypsin
    Answer: b

  6. Which of these helps in emulsification of fats?
    a) Hydrochloric acid
    b) Bile
    c) Saliva
    d) Pancreatic juice
    Answer: b

  7. The functional unit of the kidney is
    a) Alveolus
    b) Neuron
    c) Nephron
    d) Glomerulus
    Answer: c

  8. Which blood vessels carry blood away from the heart?
    a) Veins
    b) Capillaries
    c) Arteries
    d) Lymph vessels
    Answer: c

  9. Photosynthesis occurs in which part of the leaf?
    a) Xylem
    b) Phloem
    c) Mesophyll
    d) Stomata
    Answer: c

  10. The product of anaerobic respiration in muscles is:
    a) Lactic acid
    b) Alcohol
    c) Carbon dioxide
    d) Oxygen
    Answer: a

  11. The respiratory pigment in humans is
    a) Hemocyanin
    b) Hemoglobin
    c) Myoglobin
    d) Chlorophyll
    Answer: b

  12. Blood in humans is transported by:
    a) Open circulatory system
    b) Closed circulatory system
    c) Xylem and phloem
    d) Diffusion
    Answer: b

  13. Which part of the alimentary canal receives bile?
    a) Stomach
    b) Esophagus
    c) Duodenum
    d) Colon
    Answer: c

  14. The process of breaking down glucose to release energy is
    a) Transpiration
    b) Respiration
    c) Photosynthesis
    d) Digestion
    Answer: b

  15. Guard cells help in the opening and closing of:
    a) Xylem
    b) Phloem
    c) Stomata
    d) Lenticels
    Answer: c

  16. What is the main nitrogenous waste excreted in human urine?
    a) Ammonia
    b) Uric acid
    c) Urea
    d) Nitrate
    Answer: c

  17. Which vessel carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?
    a) Pulmonary artery
    b) Pulmonary vein
    c) Aorta
    d) Vena cava
    Answer: b

  18. Which organ in humans produces insulin?
    a) Liver
    b) Kidney
    c) Pancreas
    d) Intestine
    Answer: c

  19. What is the main function of stomata?
    a) Water absorption
    b) Transport of food
    c) Gaseous exchange
    d) Movement
    Answer: c

  20. The excretory product in amoeba is removed through:
    a) Contractile vacuole
    b) Cell wall
    c) Nucleus
    d) Flagella
    Answer: a

  21. The process of photosynthesis requires
    a) Oxygen and glucose
    b) Carbon dioxide, water,, and sunlight
    c) Water and oxygen
    d) Carbon dioxide and nitrogen
    Answer: b

  22. Oxygenated blood is pumped to the body from:
    a) Right atrium
    b) Left atrium
    c) Right ventricle
    d) Left ventricle
    Answer: d

  23. Fat digestion begins in:
    a) Mouth
    b) Stomach
    c) Small intestine
    d) Large intestine
    Answer: c

  24. Which component of blood fights infections?
    a) Red blood cells
    b) Platelets
    c) White blood cells
    d) Plasma
    Answer: c

  25. Which organ filters blood to remove urea?
    a) Heart
    b) Lungs
    c) Liver
    d) Kidneys
    Answer: d

  1. The autotrophic mode of nutrition requires
    a) Carbon dioxide and water
    b) Oxygen and nitrogen
    c) Protein and oxygen
    d) Glucose and urea
    Answer: a

  2. The breakdown of glucose using oxygen is called
    a) Anaerobic respiration
    b) Fermentation
    c) Aerobic respiration
    d) Glycolysis
    Answer: c

  3. Which structure in plants transports water and minerals?
    a) Phloem
    b) Xylem
    c) Stomata
    d) Cortex
    Answer: b

  4. Which part of the digestive system absorbs digested food?
    a) Stomach
    b) Small intestine
    c) Large intestine
    d) Liver
    Answer: b

  5. Which of these organs stores bile?
    a) Liver
    b) Pancreas
    c) Gallbladder
    d) Kidney
    Answer: c

  6. Which organ in humans produces bile?
    a) Stomach
    b) Pancreas
    c) Liver
    d) Gallbladder
    Answer: c

  7. What prevents backflow of blood in veins?
    a) Thick walls
    b) Muscles
    c) Valves
    d) Pressure
    Answer: c

  8. Which of the following is an enzyme secreted by the stomach?
    a) Amylase
    b) Lipase
    c) Pepsin
    d) Trypsin
    Answer: c

  9. Which process involves energy production in cells?
    a) Excretion
    b) Digestion
    c) Respiration
    d) Photosynthesis
    Answer: c

  10. Which component of blood helps in clotting?
    a) Plasma
    b) WBCs
    c) RBCs
    d) Platelets
    Answer: d

  11. Which gas is released during photosynthesis?
    a) Carbon dioxide
    b) Oxygen
    c) Nitrogen
    d) Hydrogen
    Answer: b

  12. Which is the opening on the leaf surface for gaseous exchange?
    a) Veins
    b) Mesophyll
    c) Stomata
    d) Chloroplast
    Answer: c

  13. What is the role of phloem in plants?
    a) Transport of water
    b) Support
    c) Transport of food
    d) Photosynthesis
    Answer: c

  14. The removal of metabolic waste is called
    a) Transpiration
    b) Respiration
    c) Excretion
    d) Digestion
    Answer: c

  15. In humans, oxygenated blood is carried by:
    a) Pulmonary artery
    b) Pulmonary vein
    c) Vena cava
    d) Hepatic vein
    Answer: b

  16. Which among the following does not participate in digestion?
    a) Esophagus
    b) Stomach
    c) Small intestine
    d) Lungs
    Answer: d

  17. The function of villi in the small intestine is to:
    a) Absorb water
    b) Produce bile
    c) Absorb nutrients
    d) Filter blood
    Answer: c

  18. Water is mainly absorbed in:
    a) Stomach
    b) Small intestine
    c) Liver
    d) Large intestine
    Answer: d

  19. The heart has how many chambers in humans?
    a) Two
    b) Three
    c) Four
    d) Five
    Answer: c

  20. Which of the following helps in transportation in plants?
    a) Xylem and phloem
    b) Mesophyll and stomata
    c) Guard cells and veins
    d) Cortex and pith
    Answer: a

  21. Which process helps plants lose excess water?
    a) Transpiration
    b) Photosynthesis
    c) Respiration
    d) Excretion
    Answer: a

  22. The pigment that captures sunlight for photosynthesis is
    a) Xanthophyll
    b) Hemoglobin
    c) Carotene
    d) Chlorophyll
    Answer: d

  23. The circulatory system transports:
    a) Oxygen
    b) Nutrients
    c) Hormones
    d) All of the above
    Answer: d

  24. The contraction of heart muscles is controlled by:
    a) Brain
    b) SA node
    c) Kidney
    d) Pulmonary vein
    Answer: b

  25. Which of the following digests proteins in the small intestine?
    a) Lipase
    b) Pepsin
    c) Amylase
    d) Trypsin
    Answer: d

Chapter 2: Control and Coordination 

MCQs (1–50)


  1. Control and coordination are carried out by which two systems in humans?
    a) Digestive and endocrine
    b) Respiratory and muscular
    c) Nervous and endocrine
    d) Circulatory and reproductive
    Answer: c

  2. The structural and functional unit of the nervous system is
    a) Axon
    b) Dendrite
    c) Neuron
    d) Brain
    Answer: c

  3. The gap between two neurons is called:
    a) Synapse
    b) Dendrite
    c) Axon
    d) Junction
    Answer: a

  4. Which part of the neuron receives messages?
    a) Axon
    b) Synapse
    c) Dendrite
    d) Cell body
    Answer: c

  5. The brain is protected by
    a) Vertebral column
    b) Skull
    c) Rib cage
    d) Pelvic girdle
    Answer: b

  6. Which part of the brain maintains posture and balance?
    a) Cerebrum
    b) Cerebellum
    c) Medulla
    d) Pons
    Answer: b

  7. Which part of the brain controls voluntary actions?
    a) Cerebellum
    b) Cerebrum
    c) Medulla
    d) Brain stem
    Answer: b

  8. Reflex actions are controlled by:
    a) Brain
    b) Spinal cord
    c) Heart
    d) Cerebrum
    Answer: b

  9. Which one of these is a plant hormone?
    a) Insulin
    b) Auxin
    c) Testosterone
    d) Adrenaline
    Answer: b

  10. Tropic movements in plants occur in response to:
    a) Gravity
    b) Light
    c) Water
    d) All of these
    Answer: d

  11. The hormone responsible for “fight or flight” response is
    a) Estrogen
    b) Auxin
    c) Adrenaline
    d) Insulin
    Answer: c

  12. Movement of plant roots towards gravity is called:
    a) Phototropism
    b) Geotropism
    c) Hydrotropism
    d) Chemotropism
    Answer: b

  13. Which part of the brain controls involuntary actions like heartbeat and breathing?
    a) Cerebrum
    b) Cerebellum
    c) Medulla oblongata
    d) Hypothalamus
    Answer: c

  14. Which hormone regulates the sugar level in blood?
    a) Thyroxine
    b) Adrenaline
    c) Insulin
    d) Estrogen
    Answer: c

  15. Which part of the brain is the largest?
    a) Cerebrum
    b) Cerebellum
    c) Medulla
    d) Midbrain
    Answer: a

  16. Coordination in plants is due to
    a) Muscle tissues
    b) Brain and spinal cord
    c) Hormones only
    d) Both hormones and nervous system
    Answer: c

  17. A plant’s movement in response to touch is called:
    a) Thigmotropism
    b) Geotropism
    c) Phototropism
    d) Hydrotropism
    Answer: a

  18. Which endocrine gland secretes insulin?
    a) Thyroid
    b) Pituitary
    c) Pancreas
    d) Adrenal
    Answer: c

  19. What type of neuron carries messages from the brain?
    ) Motor neuron
    b) Sensory neuron
    c) Connector neuron
    d) Reflex neuron
    Answer: b

  20. Pituitary gland is located at the base of:
    a) Spine
    b) Lungs
    c) Brain
    d) Kidney
    Answer: c

  21. What connects the brain to the spinal cord?
    a) Cerebrum
    b) Cerebellum
    c) Medulla oblongata
    d) Pons
    Answer: c

  22. The message in a nerve cell is transmitted in the form of
    a) Blood flow
    b) Hormone signal
    c) Electrical impulse
    d) Muscle contraction
    Answer: c

  23. Which plant hormone promotes cell elongation?
    a) Gibberellin
    b) Cytokinin
    c) Auxin
    d) Ethylene
    Answer: c

  24. Which of these controls growth and metabolism?
    a) Insulin
    b) Thyroxine
    c) Testosterone
    d) Adrenaline
    Answer: b

  25. Which system helps in the rapid transmission of messages?
    a) Endocrine system
    b) Nervous system
    c) Circulatory system
    d) Digestive system
    Answer: b

  1. Which gland is called the master gland?
    a) Pancreas
    b) Thyroid
    c) Adrenal
    d) Pituitary
    Answer: d

  2. What is the function of sensory neurons?
    a) Carry impulses to muscles
    b) Connect neurons
    c) Carry impulses from receptors to the brain/spinal cord
    d) Control reflexes
    Answer: c

  3. The directional movement of a plant part in response to light is:
    a) Hydrotropism
    b) Geotropism
    c) Phototropism
    d) Chemotropism
    Answer: c

  4. Which hormone regulates the basal metabolic rate?
    a) Insulin
    b) Adrenaline
    c) Thyroxine
    d) Estrogen
    Answer: c

  5. Coordination in animals is brought about by:
    a) Muscles only
    b) Hormones only
    c) Nervous system only
    d) Both nervous and endocrine systems
    Answer: d

  6. A stimulus is:
    a) A voluntary action
    b) A signal that causes a response
    c) A type of hormone
    d) An automatic reflex
    Answer: b

  7. The message is transferred from one neuron to another through:
    a) Axon only
    b) Dendrite only
    c) Neurotransmitter
    d) Nucleus
    Answer: c

  8. The peripheral nervous system includes:
    a) Brain only
    b) Spinal cord only
    c) Nerves and ganglia
    d) Cerebrum and cerebellum
    Answer: c

  9. Which part of the plant responds to gravity?
    a) Stem
    b) Leaf
    c) Root
    d) Flower
    Answer: c

  10. What is reflex action?
    a) Slow and thoughtful response
    b) Voluntary and learned response
    c) Sudden automatic response
    d) Reaction controlled by the brain
    Answer: c

  11. The hormone that prepares the body for emergency situations is:
    a) Thyroxine
    b) Adrenaline
    c) Insulin
    d) Testosterone
    Answer: b

  12. Coordination without nerves is possible in:
    a) Mammals
    b) Birds
    c) Plants
    d) Amphibians
    Answer: c

  13. Which hormone helps in cell division in plants?
    a) Auxin
    b) Cytokinin
    c) Ethylene
    d) Abscisic acid
    Answer: b

  14. Medulla controls:
    a) Intelligence
    b) Vision
    c) Involuntary actions like heartbeat and breathing
    d) Balance
    Answer: c

  15. Tropic movement is:
    a) Growth-dependent
    b) Growth-independent
    c) Non-directional
    d) Voluntary
    Answer: a

  16. The endocrine gland responsible for sugar metabolism is:
    a) Pituitary
    b) Thyroid
    c) Pancreas
    d) Adrenal
    Answer: c

  17. In phototropism, the shoot bends towards the light due to:
    a) Unequal distribution of chlorophyll
    b) Unequal growth on the shady side due to auxin
    c) Water movement
    d) Light absorption by roots
    Answer: b

  18. The response shown by Mimosa pudica (touch-me-not) is an example of:
    a) Thigmotropism
    b) Seismonasty
    c) Hydrotropism
    d) Chemotropism
    Answer: b

  19. Electrical impulse travels in a neuron from:
    a) Axon → dendrite → cell body
    b) Dendrite → cell body → axon
    c) Cell body → axon → dendrite
    d) Synapse → axon → cell body
    Answer: b

  20. Which part of the brain is responsible for reasoning and intelligence?
    a) Cerebellum
    b) Medulla
    c) Cerebrum
    d) Pons
    Answer: c

  21. Which is an example of an involuntary action?
    a) Writing
    b) Eating
    c) Breathing
    d) Talking
    Answer: c

  22. The term “nastic movement” is used for:
    a) Directional plant movement
    b) Non-directional plant movement
    c) Movement in response to water
    d) Growth in roots
    Answer: b

  23. Hormones in animals are secreted by:
    a) Nerves
    b) Glands
    c) Brain only
    d) Muscles
    Answer: b

  24. Which of the following is not part of the central nervous system?
    a) Brain
    b) Spinal cord
    c) Nerves
    d) Both a and b
    Answer: c

  25. The junction between the axon of one neuron and dendrite of another is:
    a) Joint
    b) Synapse
    c) Relay
    d) Gap
    Answer: b

Chapter 3: How Do Organisms Reproduce? 

MCQs (1–50)

  1. Reproduction is essential for:
    a) Growth of an organism
    b) Production of energy
    c) Continuation of species
    d) All of these
    Answer: c

  2. Which of the following is asexual reproduction?
    a) Fertilization
    b) Budding
    c) Pollination
    d) Copulation
    Answer: b

  3. Hydra reproduces by:
    a) Binary fission
    b) Budding
    c) Fragmentation
    d) Spore formation
    Answer: b

  4. Binary fission is observed in:
    a) Amoeba
    b) Hydra
    c) Spirogyra
    d) Planaria
    Answer: a

  5. Which of the following organisms reproduces by fragmentation?
    a) Amoeba
    b) Spirogyra
    c) Yeast
    d) Leishmania
    Answer: b

  6. Which of the following is not a method of asexual reproduction?
    a) Budding
    b) Binary fission
    c) Grafting
    d) Spore formation
    Answer: c

  7. Spores are produced during:
    a) Binary fission
    b) Vegetative propagation
    c) Sexual reproduction
    d) Asexual reproduction
    Answer: d

  8. Vegetative propagation takes place through:
    a) Seeds
    b) Flowers
    c) Roots, stems, and leaves
    d) Fruits
    Answer: c

  9. Potato reproduces by:
    a) Roots
    b) Stem tubers
    c) Leaves
    d) Buds
    Answer: b

  10. Which of the following is a natural method of vegetative propagation?
    a) Cutting
    b) Grafting
    c) Layering
    d) Leaf buds in Bryophyllum
    Answer: d

  11. Which part of Bryophyllum helps in reproduction?
    a) Leaf margin
    b) Root
    c) Flower
    d) Fruit
    Answer: a

  12. The process of fusion of male and female gametes is called:
    a) Pollination
    b) Fertilization
    c) Reproduction
    d) Division
    Answer: b

  13. What is the function of the testes in males?
    a) Production of urine
    b) Production of sperm and testosterone
    c) Digestion
    d) Control reflexes
    Answer: b

  14. Which hormone is responsible for the development of secondary sexual characters in males?
    a) Estrogen
    b) Insulin
    c) Testosterone
    d) Progesterone
    Answer: c

  15. The function of the ovary is to:
    a) Produce eggs
    b) Produce estrogen
    c) Both a and b
    d) Store urine
    Answer: c

  16. Fertilization in humans takes place in:
    a) Vagina
    b) Ovary
    c) Fallopian tube
    d) Uterus
    Answer: c

  17. The zygote develops into an embryo in the:
    a) Ovary
    b) Fallopian tube
    c) Uterus
    d) Vagina
    Answer: c

  18. Which organ provides nutrition to the developing embryo?
    a) Fallopian tube
    b) Ovary
    c) Placenta
    d) Uterus
    Answer: c

  19. Which of the following is a sexually transmitted infection (STI)?
    a) Tuberculosis
    b) HIV/AIDS
    c) Diabetes
    d) Typhoid
    Answer: b

  20. The condom is a device used for:
    a) Digestion
    b) Prevention of pregnancy
    c) Blood pressure control
    d) Growth
    Answer: b

  21. Which method of contraception prevents fertilization?
    a) Oral pills
    b) Condoms
    c) Copper-T
    d) All of the above
    Answer: d

  22. Which is a surgical method of birth control in males?
    a) Tubectomy
    b) Vasectomy
    c) IUCD
    d) Condom
    Answer: b

  23. Reproduction involving only one parent is called:
    a) Asexual reproduction
    b) Sexual reproduction
    c) Pollination
    d) Fertilization
    Answer: a

  24. Which of the following shows regeneration?
    a) Planaria
    b) Amoeba
    c) Leishmania
    d) Paramecium
    Answer: a

  25. The type of reproduction shown by yeast is:
    a) Budding
    b) Binary fission
    c) Spore formation
    d) Fragmentation
    Answer: a

  1. Which of the following is an artificial method of vegetative propagation?
    a) Leaf bud in Bryophyllum
    b) Tuber in potato
    c) Cutting in rose
    d) Rhizome in ginger
    Answer: c

  2. Which of the following undergoes multiple fission?
    a) Amoeba
    b) Plasmodium
    c) Yeast
    d) Hydra
    Answer: b

  3. In sexual reproduction, the number of parents involved is:
    a) One
    b) Two
    c) Three
    d) Four
    Answer: b

  4. The male gamete is:
    a) Egg
    b) Ovum
    c) Sperm
    d) Zygote
    Answer: c

  5. The female reproductive part of a flower is:
    a) Stamen
    b) Anther
    c) Pistil
    d) Pollen
    Answer: c

  6. The male reproductive part of a flower is:
    a) Petal
    b) Pistil
    c) Ovary
    d) Stamen
    Answer: d

  7. Pollination is the transfer of pollen from:
    a) Anther to ovary
    b) Anther to stigma
    c) Ovule to ovary
    d) Stigma to ovary
    Answer: b

  8. Fertilization leads to the formation of:
    a) Gametes
    b) Zygote
    c) Ovule
    d) Seed
    Answer: b

  9. Which process leads to variation in offspring?
    a) Asexual reproduction
    b) Budding
    c) Sexual reproduction
    d) Fragmentation
    Answer: c

  10. The contraceptive device inserted into the uterus is called:
    a) Condom
    b) Vasectomy
    c) Copper-T
    d) Oral pill
    Answer: c

  11. Which of the following is not a method of contraception?
    a) Condom
    b) IUCD
    c) Oral pill
    d) Fertilization
    Answer: d

  12. Which plant reproduces through leaves?
    a) Potato
    b) Ginger
    c) Bryophyllum
    d) Rose
    Answer: c

  13. The part of the sperm that contains the nucleus is:
    a) Tail
    b) Neck
    c) Midpiece
    d) Head
    Answer: d

  14. Which structure in a flower becomes the fruit after fertilization?
    a) Ovary
    b) Ovule
    c) Stigma
    d) Petal
    Answer: a

  15. Which structure becomes the seed?
    a) Ovary
    b) Ovule
    c) Anther
    d) Pollen
    Answer: b

  16. Testes are located outside the abdominal cavity in a sac called:
    a) Prostate
    b) Urethra
    c) Scrotum
    d) Bladder
    Answer: c

  17. The female reproductive organ where fertilization occurs is:
    a) Vagina
    b) Ovary
    c) Uterus
    d) Fallopian tube
    Answer: d

  18. Which of the following diseases is sexually transmitted?
    a) Malaria
    b) Dengue
    c) AIDS
    d) Influenza
    Answer: c

  19. Which of the following methods is permanent for birth control?
    a) Condom
    b) Copper-T
    c) Vasectomy
    d) Oral pill
    Answer: c

  20. A seed is formed as a result of:
    a) Asexual reproduction
    b) Fertilization
    c) Pollination
    d) Budding
    Answer: b

  21. Which of the following reproduces through binary fission?
    a) Yeast
    b) Hydra
    c) Amoeba
    d) Planaria
    Answer: c

  22. Which type of reproduction results in genetically identical offspring?
    a) Sexual reproduction
    b) Asexual reproduction
    c) Pollination
    d) Fertilization
    Answer: b

  23. The hormone responsible for female secondary sexual characters is:
    a) Testosterone
    b) Insulin
    c) Estrogen
    d) Thyroxine
    Answer: c

  24. Which of the following is an example of vegetative propagation by stem?
    a) Potato
    b) Ginger
    c) Onion
    d) All of these
    Answer: d

  25. Which of the following is a bisexual flower?
    a) Papaya
    b) Mustard
    c) Corn
    d) Palm
    Answer: b

Chapter 4: Heredity and Evolution 

 MCQs (1–50)

  1. The study of heredity and variation is called:
    a) Ecology
    b) Genetics
    c) Evolution
    d) Biotechnology
    Answer: b

  2. Who is known as the Father of Genetics?
    a) Charles Darwin
    b) Gregor Mendel
    c) Watson
    d) Lamarck
    Answer: b

  3. Mendel conducted experiments on:
    a) Tomato
    b) Pea plant
    c) Mango
    d) Sunflower
    Answer: b

  4. Which of the following is a hereditary unit?
    a) Gene
    b) Chromosome
    c) DNA
    d) RNA
    Answer: a

  5. Genes are located on:
    a) Ribosomes
    b) Nucleus
    c) Chromosomes
    d) Centrioles
    Answer: c

  6. A zygote with XX chromosomes will develop into:
    a) Boy
    b) Girl
    c) Both
    d) None
    Answer: b

  7. What is the shape of DNA?
    a) Circular
    b) Ladder-like
    c) Double helix
    d) Spherical
    Answer: c

  8. Traits that are passed from parents to offspring are called:
    a) Adaptations
    b) Mutations
    c) Acquired traits
    d) Inherited traits
    Answer: d

  9. The visible characteristics of an organism are called:
    a) Genotype
    b) Phenotype
    c) Allele
    d) Gene pool
    Answer: b

  10. A pair of contrasting characters is known as:
    a) Gene
    b) Allele
    c) Trait
    d) Locus
    Answer: b

  11. Which is an example of an acquired trait?
    a) Eye color
    b) Hair color
    c) Pierced ears
    d) Blood group
    Answer: c

  12. Which of these is an inherited trait?
    a) Swimming skill
    b) Height
    c) Reading ability
    d) Riding a bicycle
    Answer: b

  13. How many chromosomes are present in human body cells?
    a) 23
    b) 46
    c) 44
    d) 22
    Answer: b

  14. Which chromosome combination is found in a human male?
    a) XX
    b) XY
    c) YY
    d) ZZ
    Answer: b

  15. The evolutionary idea of use and disuse was given by:
    a) Darwin
    b) Mendel
    c) Lamarck
    d) Morgan
    Answer: c

  16. The concept of natural selection was proposed by:
    a) Mendel
    b) Lamarck
    c) Darwin
    d) Watson
    Answer: c

  17. The number of sex chromosomes in a human gamete is:
    a) One
    b) Two
    c) Four
    d) None
    Answer: a

  18. In peas, round seed shape (R) is dominant over wrinkled (r). What is the genotype of a wrinkled seed?
    a) RR
    b) Rr
    c) rr
    d) Rr or rr
    Answer: c

  19. Which of the following is a fossil?
    a) Bone of a dinosaur
    b) Dried fruit
    c) Footprint of a bird
    d) Both a and c
    Answer: d

  20. Speciation refers to:
    a) Formation of a new species
    b) Preservation of species
    c) Destruction of a species
    d) Evolution of a trait
    Answer: a

  21. Evolution supports the concept of:
    a) Unchanging species
    b) Change in genetic composition
    c) Disappearance of ecosystems
    d) Acquired traits only
    Answer: b

  22. Evolution is best defined as:
    a) Sudden changes in traits
    b) Development of new characteristics
    c) Gradual change over generations
    d) Rapid growth of organisms
    Answer: c

  23. Which of the following is used to study human evolution?
    a) Fossils
    b) DNA studies
    c) Embryology
    d) All of the above
    Answer: d

  24. Which tool is used to show evolutionary relationships?
    a) DNA model
    b) Fossil chart
    c) Evolutionary tree
    d) Food chain
    Answer: c

  25. Which of these is NOT evidence of evolution?
    a) Fossils
    b) Embryology
    c) DNA sequencing
    d) Photosynthesis
    Answer: d

  1. The genotype of a tall (T) and dwarf (t) hybrid plant is:
    a) TT
    b) Tt
    c) tt
    d) TTT
    Answer: b

  2. Which of the following determines the sex of a child in humans?
    a) Male gamete
    b) Female gamete
    c) Both
    d) Hormones
    Answer: a

  3. The human trait controlled by a single gene pair is:
    a) Eye color
    b) Tongue rolling
    c) Height
    d) Skin tone
    Answer: b

  4. A sudden change in DNA is called:
    a) Inheritance
    b) Mutation
    c) Variation
    d) Speciation
    Answer: b

  5. Evolution of wings in birds and bats is an example of:
    a) Adaptive radiation
    b) Convergent evolution
    c) Divergent evolution
    d) Speciation
    Answer: b

  6. The preserved remains or traces of organisms are called:
    a) Species
    b) Fossils
    c) Embryos
    d) Genes
    Answer: b

  7. The trait which is not expressed in the presence of its contrasting form is:
    a) Dominant
    b) Recessive
    c) Hybrid
    d) Codominant
    Answer: b

  8. A tall pea plant (TT) is crossed with a dwarf plant (tt). The F1 generation will be:
    a) All tall
    b) All dwarf
    c) Half tall, half dwarf
    d) Mixed traits
    Answer: a

  9. Evolution leads to:
    a) Disappearance of genes
    b) Formation of new traits
    c) No changes
    d) Constant inheritance
    Answer: b

  10. The evidence of evolution can be found in:
    a) Meteorites
    b) Fossil records
    c) Lava
    d) Minerals
    Answer: b

  11. The exchange of genetic material between two chromosomes is known as:
    a) Inheritance
    b) Crossing over
    c) Mutation
    d) Fusion
    Answer: b

  12. In humans, variation is caused due to:
    a) Cloning
    b) Asexual reproduction
    c) Sexual reproduction
    d) Mitosis
    Answer: c

  13. The branch of biology that deals with fossils is:
    a) Geology
    b) Paleontology
    c) Archaeology
    d) Anthropology
    Answer: b

  14. Which of these is an example of vestigial organ in humans?
    a) Lung
    b) Heart
    c) Appendix
    d) Kidney
    Answer: c

  15. Two different species evolving similar traits due to environment is called:
    a) Convergent evolution
    b) Divergent evolution
    c) Genetic drift
    d) Artificial selection
    Answer: a

  16. Homologous organs have:
    a) Same structure and same function
    b) Different structure and same function
    c) Same structure but different function
    d) Same function but different origin
    Answer: c

  17. A sudden heritable change in genetic material is:
    a) Selection
    b) Variation
    c) Mutation
    d) Evolution
    Answer: c

  18. Genetic drift occurs in:
    a) Large populations
    b) Small populations
    c) Only in humans
    d) Only in plants
    Answer: b

  19. Variations that help organisms to survive are:
    a) Unfavorable
    b) Harmful
    c) Useful
    d) Rare
    Answer: c

  20. The first organism to appear on Earth was:
    a) Plants
    b) Bacteria
    c) Insects
    d) Dinosaurs
    Answer: b

  21. Which molecule carries genetic information?
    a) RNA
    b) Protein
    c) DNA
    d) Enzyme
    Answer: c

  22. Which of these is a vestigial structure in snakes?
    a) Legs
    b) Fins
    c) Wings
    d) Feathers
    Answer: a

  23. Variation is important for:
    a) Evolution
    b) Destruction
    c) Digestion
    d) Photosynthesis
    Answer: a

  24. Which of the following is not inherited?
    a) Skin color
    b) Blood group
    c) Weight
    d) Eye color
    Answer: c

  25. Evolutionary relationships are best represented by:
    a) Periodic table
    b) Evolutionary tree
    c) Food web
    d) Dichotomous key
    Answer: b

Chapter 5: Our Environment 

MCQs (1–50)

  1. The environment includes:
    a) Living organisms
    b) Non-living things
    c) Both living and non-living things
    d) Only plants
    Answer: c

  2. Which of the following is a biotic component of the environment?
    a) Water
    b) Soil
    c) Microorganisms
    d) Temperature
    Answer: c

  3. The process of energy flow in an ecosystem is:
    a) Cyclic
    b) One-way
    c) Two-way
    d) Random
    Answer: b

  4. The ultimate source of energy in an ecosystem is:
    a) Water
    b) Soil
    c) Sun
    d) Air
    Answer: c

  5. In a food chain, the herbivores are:
    a) Producers
    b) Primary consumers
    c) Secondary consumers
    d) Decomposers
    Answer: b

  6. Green plants are known as:
    a) Consumers
    b) Producers
    c) Decomposers
    d) Herbivores
    Answer: b

  7. Which of the following is a decomposer?
    a) Grasshopper
    b) Bacteria
    c) Snake
    d) Rabbit
    Answer: b

  8. An example of a secondary consumer is:
    a) Grass
    b) Grasshopper
    c) Frog
    d) Bacteria
    Answer: c

  9. The trophic level of grass in a food chain is:
    a) Primary consumer
    b) Producer
    c) Secondary consumer
    d) Decomposer
    Answer: b

  10. Which gas is primarily responsible for global warming?
    a) Oxygen
    b) Nitrogen
    c) Carbon dioxide
    d) Hydrogen
    Answer: c

  11. The layer that protects us from UV radiation is:
    a) Oxygen layer
    b) Carbon dioxide layer
    c) Ozone layer
    d) Hydrogen layer
    Answer: c

  12. The ozone layer is found in the:
    a) Troposphere
    b) Mesosphere
    c) Thermosphere
    d) Stratosphere
    Answer: d

  13. Which of the following is biodegradable?
    a) Plastic
    b) Glass
    c) Paper
    d) Aluminum
    Answer: c

  14. The correct sequence of a food chain is:
    a) Herbivore → Carnivore → Producer
    b) Producer → Carnivore → Herbivore
    c) Producer → Herbivore → Carnivore
    d) Carnivore → Producer → Herbivore
    Answer: c

  15. Which of the following does not cause pollution?
    a) Solar energy
    b) Plastic
    c) Smoke
    d) Pesticides
    Answer: a

  16. Energy available at each trophic level:
    a) Increases
    b) Remains constant
    c) Decreases
    d) First increases then decreases
    Answer: c

  17. The percentage of energy transferred from one trophic level to the next is about:
    a) 100%
    b) 50%
    c) 10%
    d) 1%
    Answer: c

  18. Which organism is likely to have the least amount of energy in a food chain?
    a) Deer
    b) Lion
    c) Grass
    d) Insect
    Answer: b

  19. Which of the following is a non-biodegradable waste?
    a) Vegetable peels
    b) Newspaper
    c) Polythene
    d) Cotton
    Answer: c

  20. Accumulation of non-biodegradable substances in the food chain is called:
    a) Decomposition
    b) Biodegradation
    c) Biomagnification
    d) Eutrophication
    Answer: c

  21. A food web is:
    a) A single chain of feeding relationships
    b) A network of interlinked food chains
    c) The only path of energy flow
    d) A pyramid of energy
    Answer: b

  22. The main cause of ozone layer depletion is:
    a) CO₂
    b) SO₂
    c) CFCs
    d) NO₂
    Answer: c

  23. An example of a primary consumer is:
    a) Lion
    b) Snake
    c) Cow
    d) Eagle
    Answer: c

  24. Which of these best defines ecosystem?
    a) Interaction between biotic and abiotic components
    b) Only abiotic factors
    c) Only biotic factors
    d) Energy flow in a food chain
    Answer: a

  25. Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?
    a) Methane
    b) Carbon dioxide
    c) Nitrous oxide
    d) Oxygen
    Answer: d

  1. Which of the following organisms occupies the topmost trophic level in a food chain?
    a) Producer
    b) Herbivore
    c) Carnivore
    d) Decomposer
    Answer: c

  2. In a grassland ecosystem, which of the following is a tertiary consumer?
    a) Grass
    b) Deer
    c) Lion
    d) Insects
    Answer: c

  3. Which of the following is a natural cause of ozone depletion?
    a) Volcanic eruption
    b) CFCs
    c) Airplanes
    d) Refrigerants
    Answer: a

  4. Ozone depletion leads to:
    a) Acid rain
    b) Global cooling
    c) Skin cancer
    d) Oxygen increase
    Answer: c

  5. Which of the following helps in recycling nutrients in the ecosystem?
    a) Producers
    b) Consumers
    c) Decomposers
    d) Herbivores
    Answer: c

  6. What will happen if decomposers are removed from the environment?
    a) Fertility will increase
    b) No effect
    c) Wastes will accumulate
    d) Plant growth will improve
    Answer: c

  7. What is the main reason for using cloth bags over plastic bags?
    a) Cloth is colorful
    b) Cloth is biodegradable
    c) Cloth is cheaper
    d) Cloth is lighter
    Answer: b

  8. The energy pyramid in an ecosystem is:
    a) Upright
    b) Inverted
    c) Circular
    d) Irregular
    Answer: a

  9. An ecosystem is sustainable when:
    a) Energy flows in one direction
    b) Nutrients are recycled
    c) Sunlight is not required
    d) Only plants exist
    Answer: b

  10. The largest reservoir of carbon on Earth is:
    a) Oceans
    b) Trees
    c) Rocks
    d) Atmosphere
    Answer: a

  11. Bioaccumulation of harmful substances mainly affects:
    a) Plants
    b) Top consumers
    c) Producers
    d) Decomposers
    Answer: b

  12. In a food web, energy flows:
    a) In all directions
    b) Randomly
    c) In one direction
    d) Backward
    Answer: c

  13. A consumer that feeds only on plants is:
    a) Herbivore
    b) Carnivore
    c) Omnivore
    d) Decomposer
    Answer: a

  14. Plastic materials are dangerous because they are:
    a) Heavy
    b) Expensive
    c) Non-biodegradable
    d) Colored
    Answer: c

  15. The environment is damaged the most by:
    a) Renewable resources
    b) Non-renewable resources
    c) Biodegradable items
    d) Organic farming
    Answer: b

  16. Which of these is not an example of an ecosystem?
    a) Pond
    b) Forest
    c) Aquarium
    d) School
    Answer: d

  17. Which of these is a correct sequence of a simple food chain?
    a) Grass → Cow → Human
    b) Cow → Grass → Human
    c) Human → Cow → Grass
    d) Grass → Human → Cow
    Answer: a

  18. Biodegradable waste includes:
    a) Polythene
    b) Plastic bottles
    c) Paper
    d) Glass
    Answer: c

  19. Energy is lost at each trophic level mainly as:
    a) Heat
    b) Sound
    c) Movement
    d) Light
    Answer: a

  20. In the energy pyramid, the smallest energy is found at:
    a) Producer level
    b) Herbivore level
    c) Carnivore level
    d) Top carnivore level
    Answer: d

  21. The term “biomagnification” refers to:
    a) Increase in size of organisms
    b) Increase in population
    c) Increase in toxic substance in food chain
    d) Increase in energy transfer
    Answer: c

  22. Which of these is the most eco-friendly practice?
    a) Using plastic straws
    b) Reusing paper
    c) Throwing batteries in garbage
    d) Burning waste
    Answer: b

  23. The flow of energy in a food chain is governed by the:
    a) 5% rule
    b) 100% rule
    c) 10% law
    d) 90% law
    Answer: c

  24. The largest number of individuals is generally seen at:
    a) First trophic level
    b) Second trophic level
    c) Third trophic level
    d) Top carnivore level
    Answer: a

  25. The term “ecological balance” means:
    a) Human destruction of nature
    b) Food chain disruption
    c) Stable interaction of biotic and abiotic components
    d) Industrial development
    Answer: c

Chapter 6: Management of Natural Resources

 MCQs (1–50)

  1. Which of the following is a natural resource?
    a) Electricity
    b) Forest
    c) Plastic
    d) Paper
    Answer: b

  2. Which of the following is a renewable resource?
    a) Coal
    b) Petroleum
    c) Solar energy
    d) Natural gas
    Answer: c

  3. The management of natural resources should aim at:
    a) Unequal distribution
    b) Maximum exploitation
    c) Sustainable use
    d) Waste generation
    Answer: c

  4. Chipko movement was associated with:
    a) Conservation of water
    b) Saving electricity
    c) Forest conservation
    d) River cleaning
    Answer: c

  5. Which one of these is not a “3R” principle of waste management?
    a) Reduce
    b) Reuse
    c) Recycle
    d) Replace
    Answer: d

  6. Which gas is produced by the decomposition of organic waste in the absence of oxygen?
    a) Oxygen
    b) Carbon monoxide
    c) Methane
    d) Nitrogen
    Answer: c

  7. Which of the following is an example of water harvesting?
    a) Using overhead tanks
    b) Building dams
    c) Digging borewells
    d) Rooftop rainwater collection
    Answer: d

  8. Forests prevent:
    a) Soil formation
    b) Soil erosion
    c) Plant growth
    d) Groundwater recharge
    Answer: b

  9. What is the main cause of deforestation?
    a) Rainfall
    b) Agriculture and urbanization
    c) Wildlife
    d) Reforestation
    Answer: b

  10. Which of the following is not a fossil fuel?
    a) Coal
    b) Petroleum
    c) Natural gas
    d) Wood
    Answer: d

  11. Which of the following is a non-renewable resource?
    a) Wind
    b) Water
    c) Coal
    d) Solar energy
    Answer: c

  12. Ganga Action Plan was launched to:
    a) Generate electricity
    b) Conserve forest resources
    c) Reduce pollution in the Ganga River
    d) Promote tourism
    Answer: c

  13. Which is the best method for the management of non-biodegradable waste?
    a) Burning
    b) Landfilling
    c) Recycling
    d) Composting
    Answer: c

  14. The term “sustainable development” means:
    a) Using resources endlessly
    b) Overusing resources for profit
    c) Using resources without affecting future needs
    d) Conserving only forests
    Answer: c

  15. Which of the following is an example of a community-based water conservation method?
    a) Dams
    b) Bore wells
    c) Khadin system
    d) Canal irrigation
    Answer: c

  16. Which of these is not an effect of deforestation?
    a) Soil erosion
    b) Increase in CO₂
    c) Biodiversity loss
    d) Groundwater recharge
    Answer: d

  17. What is biodiversity?
    a) Variety of living organisms
    b) Number of trees
    c) Forest cover
    d) Number of rivers
    Answer: a

  18. Which organization monitors pollution in India?
    a) ISRO
    b) WHO
    c) CPCB
    d) NASA
    Answer: c

  19. Which method is not environment-friendly?
    a) Using CFL instead of incandescent bulbs
    b) Composting kitchen waste
    c) Burning dry leaves
    d) Walking to school
    Answer: c

  20. Which of the following is a consequence of overuse of groundwater?
    a) Soil erosion
    b) Waterlogging
    c) Water table depletion
    d) Increase in biodiversity
    Answer: c

  21. Which of the following resources cannot be replenished in a short time?
    a) Air
    b) Water
    c) Forest
    d) Petroleum
    Answer: d

  22. Rainwater harvesting helps in:
    a) Preventing floods
    b) Preventing drought
    c) Recharging groundwater
    d) Making rain
    Answer: c

  23. Reuse is better than recycling because:
    a) It is faster
    b) It consumes more energy
    c) It consumes less energy
    d) It is costly
    Answer: c

  24. Which of the following is an environment-friendly practice?
    a) Using plastic bags
    b) Overuse of pesticides
    c) Planting trees
    d) Deforestation
    Answer: c

  25. Which of the following is a consequence of construction of big dams?
    a) Water shortage
    b) Reduced electricity
    c) Displacement of people
    d) Air pollution
    Answer: c

  1. Which of these activities is harmful to biodiversity?
    a) Afforestation
    b) Deforestation
    c) Wildlife protection
    d) National parks
    Answer: b

  2. Which practice conserves forest resources best?
    a) Cutting down old trees
    b) Planting fast-growing trees
    c) Grazing in forest
    d) Overharvesting of timber
    Answer: b

  3. Which of the following resources is exhaustible?
    a) Sunlight
    b) Water
    c) Air
    d) Coal
    Answer: d

  4. The term “watershed management” refers to:
    a) Cleaning rivers
    b) Managing river pollution
    c) Managing water and land in an area
    d) Building canals
    Answer: c

  5. Which of these is not a use of forests?
    a) Wood and timber
    b) Regulation of climate
    c) Source of fossil fuel
    d) Preventing soil erosion
    Answer: c

  6. Which movement was started to save the Narmada river?
    a) Chipko Movement
    b) Narmada Bachao Andolan
    c) Save Ganga Movement
    d) Silent Valley Movement
    Answer: b

  7. Which gas is responsible for acid rain?
    a) O₂
    b) CO₂
    c) SO₂
    d) CH₄
    Answer: c

  8. Which of these is a method of reducing plastic pollution?
    a) Landfilling
    b) Open burning
    c) Reusing plastic
    d) Incineration
    Answer: c

  9. Which of the following is an advantage of dams?
    a) Groundwater depletion
    b) Flood control
    c) Displacement of people
    d) Destruction of habitats
    Answer: b

  10. Which of the following statements is incorrect about sustainable development?
    a) It conserves resources for future
    b) It promotes pollution
    c) It balances environment and economy
    d) It promotes conservation
    Answer: b

  11. Which of the following is a good practice for resource management?
    a) Overgrazing
    b) Monoculture farming
    c) Rainwater harvesting
    d) Deforestation
    Answer: c

  12. Which of these is not a 3R principle?
    a) Reuse
    b) Repair
    c) Recycle
    d) Reduce
    Answer: b

  13. What is the full form of CNG?
    a) Compressed Natural Gas
    b) Carbonated Natural Gas
    c) Clean Natural Gas
    d) Combustion Natural Gas
    Answer: a

  14. Which one of the following is not a traditional water harvesting structure?
    a) Khadin
    b) Bandhara
    c) Tube well
    d) Nadi
    Answer: c

  15. Which of the following is an alternative source of energy?
    a) Petrol
    b) Diesel
    c) Wind energy
    d) Coal
    Answer: c

  16. Which of these is used to generate hydroelectric power?
    a) Wind
    b) Water
    c) Sunlight
    d) Biomass
    Answer: b

  17. The main purpose of constructing check dams is:
    a) To store rainwater for electricity
    b) To prevent flooding
    c) To recharge groundwater
    d) To generate nuclear power
    Answer: c

  18. Which is not a benefit of water harvesting?
    a) Recharges groundwater
    b) Reduces soil erosion
    c) Prevents drought
    d) Increases deforestation
    Answer: d

  19. Reforestation helps in:
    a) Increasing CO₂ levels
    b) Global warming
    c) Maintaining ecological balance
    d) Melting glaciers
    Answer: c

  20. What happens when forests are cut down?
    a) More rainfall
    b) Increased oxygen
    c) Loss of biodiversity
    d) Soil conservation
    Answer: c

  21. Which of the following practices is best to conserve biodiversity?
    a) Overhunting
    b) Illegal logging
    c) Establishing national parks
    d) Polluting rivers
    Answer: c

  22. Which of the following methods helps to reduce overexploitation of water?
    a) Tube wells
    b) Sprinkler irrigation
    c) Flood irrigation
    d) Borewells
    Answer: b

  23. What is the primary cause of resource depletion?
    a) Recycling
    b) Human greed and overuse
    c) Balanced consumption
    d) Sustainable planning
    Answer: b

  24. Which of these energy sources does not cause pollution?
    a) Biomass
    b) Solar
    c) Coal
    d) Petrol
    Answer: b

  25. The best way to manage e-waste is:
    a) Burning
    b) Throwing in landfills
    c) Recycling and safe disposal
    d) Dumping in rivers
    Answer: c


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class 9 biology chapter 2 mcq's

  50 MCQs  for Chapter 2: Biodiversity   1. What is biodiversity? a) Study of ecosystems b) Variety of life on Earth c) Science of classification d) Only study of plants Sol: (b) Variety of life on Earth 2. Which branch of biology deals with the classification of organisms? a) Morphology b) Ecology c) Taxonomy d) Genetics Sol: (c) Taxonomy 3. Who is known as the father of taxonomy? a) Charles Darwin b) Gregor Mendel c) Aristotle d) Carolus Linnaeus Sol: (d) Carolus Linnaeus 4. The system introduced by Linnaeus for naming organisms is called a) Binary code b) Scientific naming c) Binomial nomenclature d) Biodiversity classification Sol: (c) Binomial nomenclature 5. In binomial nomenclature, the first part of the name represents: a) Species b) Order c) Family d) Genus Sol: (d) Genus 6. In binomial nomenclature, the second part represents: a) Class b) Phylum c) Species d) Kingdom Sol: (c) Species 7. The correct way to write the scie...
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