Section 1: Introduction and Basics
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Plant physiology is the study of:
a) Structure of plants
b) Functions and processes in plants
c) Plant diseases
d) Plant classification
✅ Answer: b) Functions and processes in plants -
The movement of water through a plant from roots to leaves is called:
a) Photosynthesis
b) Transpiration
c) Translocation
d) Respiration
✅ Answer: b) Transpiration -
The process by which plants lose water vapor through stomata is called
a) Absorption
b) Transpiration
c) Evaporation
d) Guttation
✅ Answer: b) Transpiration -
The opening and closing of stomata are controlled by:
a) Xylem vessels
b) Guard cells
c) Phloem vessels
d) Root hairs
✅ Answer: b) Guard cells -
Which of the following helps in the upward movement of water in plants?
a) Gravity
b) Root pressure
c) Osmosis
d) Both b and c
✅ Answer: d) Both b and c -
Transpiration helps in:
a) Cooling the plant
b) Transport of minerals
c) Water movement
d) All of these
✅ Answer: d) All of these -
The main site of transpiration in most plants is:
a) Root hairs
b) Stem
c) Leaves
d) Flowers
✅ Answer: c) Leaves -
Xylem vessels transport:
a) Food from leaves to other parts
b) Water and minerals from roots to leaves
c) Oxygen to roots
d) Sugars to roots
✅ Answer: b) Water and minerals from roots to leaves -
Phloem vessels transport:
a) Water
b) Minerals
c) Food (sugars)
d) Gases
✅ Answer: c) Food (sugars) -
Translocation in plants refers to the movement of:
a) Water
b) Food
c) Oxygen
d) Minerals
✅ Answer: b) Food -
Root hairs absorb water by the process of:
a) Diffusion
b) Active transport
c) Osmosis
d) Transpiration
✅ Answer: c) Osmosis -
The force exerted by roots to push water upward is called
a) Transpiration pull
b) Root pressure
c) Capillary action
d) Osmotic pressure
✅ Answer: b) Root pressure -
The loss of water in liquid form from leaf edges is called
a) Transpiration
b) Guttation
c) Evaporation
d) Photosynthesis
✅ Answer: b) Guttation -
Water movement in plants occurs due to:
a) Cohesion and adhesion
b) Gravity only
c) Pressure only
d) Active transport only
✅ Answer: a) Cohesion and adhesion -
The process of converting solar energy into chemical energy in plants is
a) Respiration
b) Photosynthesis
c) Transpiration
d) Fermentation
✅ Answer: b) Photosynthesis -
Which gas enters the plant during photosynthesis?
a) Oxygen
b) Carbon dioxide
c) Nitrogen
d) Hydrogen
✅ Answer: b) Carbon dioxide -
The main site of photosynthesis is
a) Stem
b) Leaf
c) Root
d) Flower
✅ Answer: b) Leaf -
Stomata mainly help in:
a) Absorbing water
b) Gas exchange and transpiration
c) Food storage
d) Mineral transport
✅ Answer: b) Gas exchange and transpiration -
Phloem is made up of
a) Xylem vessels
b) Sieve tubes and companion cells
c) Root hairs
d) Guard cells
✅ Answer: b) Sieve tubes and companion cells -
The upward movement of water in plants is primarily due to
a) Translocation
b) Transpiration pull
c) Photosynthesis
d) Respiration
✅ Answer: b) Transpiration pull
Section 2: Water Transport, Translocation & Photosynthesis
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Which phenomenon helps water molecules stick to the walls of xylem vessels?
a) Cohesion
b) Adhesion
c) Diffusion
d) Osmosis
✅ Answer: b) Adhesion -
The cohesive property of water helps in:
a) Water sticking to xylem walls
b) Water molecules sticking to each other
c) Movement of sugars in phloem
d) Opening of stomata
✅ Answer: b) Water molecules sticking to each other -
The movement of food in plants through phloem is called:
a) Transpiration
b) Translocation
c) Osmosis
d) Respiration
✅ Answer: b) Translocation -
Translocation of food in plants occurs:
a) Only upward
b) Only downward
c) Both upward and downward
d) Only laterally
✅ Answer: c) Both upward and downward -
The process by which plants lose water vapor mainly through stomata is affected by:
a) Light intensity
b) Temperature
c) Wind speed
d) All of these
✅ Answer: d) All of these -
Which gas is released during photosynthesis?
a) Carbon dioxide
b) Oxygen
c) Nitrogen
d) Hydrogen
✅ Answer: b) Oxygen -
The major site of photosynthesis in plants is
a) Stem
b) Leaf
c) Root
d) Flower
✅ Answer: b) Leaf -
Chlorophyll is located in which part of the plant cell?
a) Mitochondria
b) Chloroplast
c) Nucleus
d) Cytoplasm
✅ Answer: b) Chloroplast -
Which of the following is NOT required for photosynthesis?
a) Sunlight
b) Carbon dioxide
c) Oxygen
d) Water
✅ Answer: c) Oxygen -
The tiny pores on the leaf surface that allow gas exchange are called:
a) Lenticels
b) Stomata
c) Root hairs
d) Trichomes
✅ Answer: b) Stomata -
Root pressure helps in the movement of water:
a) Downward only
b) Upward only
c) Both upward and downward
d) None of these
✅ Answer: b) Upward only -
Which of the following statements about transpiration is false?
a) It helps in cooling the plant
b) It causes loss of water in liquid form
c) It creates suction to pull water upward
d) It occurs mostly through stomata
✅ Answer: b) It causes loss of water in liquid form -
Water moves from soil into roots due to:
a) Pressure difference
b) Osmosis
c) Diffusion
d) Active transport
✅ Answer: b) Osmosis -
Which part of the plant transports manufactured food?
a) Xylem
b) Phloem
c) Cambium
d) Cortex
✅ Answer: b) Phloem -
The main purpose of transpiration is to:
a) Provide water for photosynthesis
b) Maintain flow of minerals from roots
c) Cool the plant
d) All of the above
✅ Answer: d) All of the above -
Photosynthesis mainly takes place in which cells of the leaf?
a) Palisade mesophyll
b) Spongy mesophyll
c) Epidermal cells
d) Guard cells
✅ Answer: a) Palisade mesophyll -
The water absorbed by roots is transported to leaves through:
a) Phloem
b) Xylem
c) Sieve tubes
d) Parenchyma
✅ Answer: b) Xylem -
Guard cells control the size of stomata by:
a) Changing their shape
b) Changing their color
c) Changing their number
d) Changing their size permanently
✅ Answer: a) Changing their shape -
Which of the following is NOT a factor affecting transpiration?
a) Temperature
b) Humidity
c) Soil type
d) Light intensity
✅ Answer: c) Soil type -
The loss of water in liquid form through special pores called hydathodes is called:
a) Transpiration
b) Guttation
c) Evaporation
d) Respiration
✅ Answer: b) Guttation
Section 3: Photosynthesis, Respiration & Nutrient Transport
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Photosynthesis is a process that:
a) Releases energy
b) Stores energy
c) Destroys chlorophyll
d) Produces carbon dioxide
✅ Answer: b) Stores energy -
The energy required for photosynthesis comes from:
a) Sunlight
b) Soil nutrients
c) Water
d) Oxygen
✅ Answer: a) Sunlight -
During photosynthesis, oxygen is released from:
a) Carbon dioxide
b) Water
c) Glucose
d) Chlorophyll
✅ Answer: b) Water -
Which pigment is responsible for the green color of leaves?
a) Carotene
b) Chlorophyll
c) Anthocyanin
d) Xanthophyll
✅ Answer: b) Chlorophyll -
The process by which plants lose water vapor through stomata is called
a) Guttation
b) Transpiration
c) Evaporation
d) Respiration
✅ Answer: b) Transpiration -
The opening and closing of stomata are regulated by:
a) Root hairs
b) Guard cells
c) Phloem
d) Xylem
✅ Answer: b) Guard cells -
The movement of food substances in plants from leaves to other parts is called
a) Transpiration
b) Translocation
c) Respiration
d) Diffusion
✅ Answer: b) Translocation -
The primary function of xylem is to:
a) Transport food
b) Transport water and minerals
c) Provide structural support only
d) Store nutrients
✅ Answer: b) Transport water and minerals -
Which process produces energy by breaking down glucose in the presence of oxygen?
a) Photosynthesis
b) Aerobic respiration
c) Anaerobic respiration
d) Fermentation
✅ Answer: b) Aerobic respiration -
Stomata are mostly found on:
a) Upper surface of leaves
b) Lower surface of leaves
c) Roots
d) Stem
✅ Answer: b) Lower surface of leaves -
Water absorbed by roots moves to the leaves through:
a) Phloem vessels
b) Xylem vessels
c) Guard cells
d) Stomata
✅ Answer: b) Xylem vessels -
The loss of water from leaves as water vapor is essential for:
a) Photosynthesis
b) Transpiration pull
c) Nutrient absorption
d) Both a and b
✅ Answer: d) Both a and b -
Which of the following affects the rate of transpiration?
a) Temperature
b) Light intensity
c) Wind speed
d) All of these
✅ Answer: d) All of these -
The opening of stomata is caused by:
a) Water loss from guard cells
b) Water gain by guard cells
c) Change in chlorophyll
d) Change in soil moisture
✅ Answer: b) Water gain by guard cells -
The process of photosynthesis takes place mainly in:
a) Guard cells
b) Palisade mesophyll cells
c) Xylem vessels
d) Phloem vessels
✅ Answer: b) Palisade mesophyll cells -
The by-product of photosynthesis that is released into the atmosphere is:
a) Carbon dioxide
b) Oxygen
c) Water vapor
d) Nitrogen
✅ Answer: b) Oxygen -
The force that pulls water upward from roots to leaves during transpiration is called
a) Root pressure
b) Transpiration pull
c) Osmotic pressure
d) Atmospheric pressure
✅ Answer: b) Transpiration pull -
Translocation in plants moves:
a) Water from roots to leaves
b) Food from leaves to other parts
c) Minerals from soil to roots
d) Oxygen from leaves to atmosphere
✅ Answer: b) Food from leaves to other parts -
Phloem consists of:
a) Vessel elements and tracheids
b) Sieve tubes and companion cells
c) Parenchyma and sclerenchyma
d) Guard cells
✅ Answer: b) Sieve tubes and companion cells -
Which of the following processes require energy in plants?
a) Photosynthesis
b) Transpiration
c) Active transport during nutrient absorption
d) Diffusion of water
✅ Answer: c) Active transport during nutrient absorption
Section 4: Nutrient Absorption, Plant Growth & Environmental Effects
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Mineral nutrients are mainly absorbed by plants through:
a) Leaves
b) Root hairs
c) Stomata
d) Xylem vessels
✅ Answer: b) Root hairs -
The energy required for active transport of minerals into root cells is obtained from:
a) ATP
b) Sunlight
c) Water pressure
d) Glucose
✅ Answer: a) ATP -
The process by which plants take in oxygen and give out carbon dioxide is called:
a) Photosynthesis
b) Respiration
c) Transpiration
d) Translocation
✅ Answer: b) Respiration -
Which hormone primarily promotes cell elongation in plants?
a) Auxin
b) Cytokinin
c) Gibberellin
d) Ethylene
✅ Answer: a) Auxin -
Which plant hormone promotes seed germination and stem elongation?
a) Auxin
b) Gibberellin
c) Cytokinin
d) Abscisic acid
✅ Answer: b) Gibberellin -
Cytokinins primarily help in:
a) Cell division
b) Cell elongation
c) Leaf fall
d) Fruit ripening
✅ Answer: a) Cell division -
The hormone responsible for fruit ripening is:
a) Auxin
b) Gibberellin
c) Ethylene
d) Cytokinin
✅ Answer: c) Ethylene -
Abscisic acid mainly causes:
a) Seed germination
b) Leaf fall and dormancy
c) Flowering
d) Fruit ripening
✅ Answer: b) Leaf fall and dormancy -
Which part of the plant senses light and helps it grow towards it?
a) Roots
b) Stem tips
c) Leaves
d) Flowers
✅ Answer: b) Stem tips -
The process by which plants grow or move in response to light is called:
a) Hydrotropism
b) Phototropism
c) Geotropism
d) Thigmotropism
✅ Answer: b) Phototropism -
The downward growth of roots due to gravity is called:
a) Phototropism
b) Hydrotropism
c) Geotropism (gravitropism)
d) Thigmotropism
✅ Answer: c) Geotropism (gravitropism) -
The upward growth of stem against gravity is called:
a) Negative geotropism
b) Positive geotropism
c) Phototropism
d) Hydrotropism
✅ Answer: a) Negative geotropism -
Plants lose water mostly through:
a) Root hairs
b) Stomata
c) Cuticle
d) Phloem
✅ Answer: b) Stomata -
The absorption of water by roots depends mainly on:
a) Osmotic pressure
b) Root pressure
c) Atmospheric pressure
d) Photosynthesis
✅ Answer: a) Osmotic pressure -
The movement of water against gravity through narrow tubes is due to:
a) Adhesion and cohesion
b) Diffusion
c) Osmosis
d) Active transport
✅ Answer: a) Adhesion and cohesion -
Plant growth regulators are also called:
a) Enzymes
b) Hormones
c) Vitamins
d) Minerals
✅ Answer: b) Hormones -
The process of shedding old leaves by plants is called:
a) Germination
b) Photosynthesis
c) Abscission
d) Respiration
✅ Answer: c) Abscission -
The vascular tissue that transports sugars is called:
a) Xylem
b) Phloem
c) Cambium
d) Parenchyma
✅ Answer: b) Phloem -
Which plant hormone delays leaf fall?
a) Cytokinin
b) Abscisic acid
c) Auxin
d) Ethylene
✅ Answer: c) Auxin -
The loss of water through stomata helps in:
a) Cooling the plant
b) Transporting minerals
c) Maintaining water flow
d) All of the above
✅ Answer: d) All of the above
Section 5: Advanced Concepts & Summary
-
Which pigment besides chlorophyll helps in photosynthesis by capturing light energy?
a) Carotenoids
b) Hemoglobin
c) Anthocyanins
d) Melanin
✅ Answer: a) Carotenoids -
The phenomenon of movement of water from soil to root xylem is mainly due to:
a) Transpiration pull
b) Root pressure
c) Osmosis
d) Diffusion
✅ Answer: c) Osmosis -
The major product of photosynthesis that is transported in plants is:
a) Oxygen
b) Glucose
c) Carbon dioxide
d) ATP
✅ Answer: b) Glucose -
The vascular cambium in plants is responsible for:
a) Transporting water
b) Secondary growth (increasing girth)
c) Photosynthesis
d) Seed formation
✅ Answer: b) Secondary growth (increasing girth) -
The pores on the stem of woody plants for gas exchange are called:
a) Stomata
b) Lenticles
c) Root hairs
d) Trichomes
✅ Answer: b) Lenticles -
The sugar transported in phloem is primarily:
a) Sucrose
b) Glucose
c) Fructose
d) Lactose
✅ Answer: a) Sucrose -
The process by which plant cells use oxygen to release energy from food is called:
a) Photosynthesis
b) Respiration
c) Fermentation
d) Transpiration
✅ Answer: b) Respiration -
The green pigment chlorophyll is located in:
a) Mitochondria
b) Chloroplasts
c) Cytoplasm
d) Nucleus
✅ Answer: b) Chloroplasts -
What causes the opening of stomata during the day?
a) Low light
b) Water entering guard cells
c) High temperature
d) Loss of water from guard cells
✅ Answer: b) Water entering guard cells -
Which of the following plant movements is caused by touch?
a) Phototropism
b) Geotropism
c) Thigmotropism
d) Hydrotropism
✅ Answer: c) Thigmotropism -
Which hormone causes the shedding of leaves?
a) Auxin
b) Ethylene
c) Abscisic acid
d) Gibberellin
✅ Answer: c) Abscisic acid -
Which process in plants requires energy?
a) Diffusion
b) Active transport
c) Osmosis
d) Evaporation
✅ Answer: b) Active transport -
The process by which plants lose excess water in liquid form through hydathodes is:
a) Transpiration
b) Guttation
c) Respiration
d) Evaporation
✅ Answer: b) Guttation -
The energy from sunlight is captured by:
a) Chlorophyll
b) Xylem
c) Phloem
d) Mitochondria
✅ Answer: a) Chlorophyll -
Which tissue is responsible for transporting manufactured food in plants?
a) Xylem
b) Phloem
c) Parenchyma
d) Collenchyma
✅ Answer: b) Phloem -
Which hormone is used commercially to ripen fruits?
a) Auxin
b) Gibberellin
c) Ethylene
d) Cytokinin
✅ Answer: c) Ethylene -
Water moves upward in plants due to:
a) Gravity
b) Cohesion and adhesion of water molecules
c) Osmosis only
d) Photosynthesis
✅ Answer: b) Cohesion and adhesion of water molecules -
Which of the following is NOT true about stomata?
a) They are involved in gas exchange
b) They are found mainly on the upper surface of leaves
c) Guard cells control their opening and closing
d) They help in transpiration
✅ Answer: b) They are found mainly on the upper surface of leaves -
The vascular tissue responsible for transporting water and minerals is:
a) Phloem
b) Xylem
c) Parenchyma
d) Sclerenchyma
✅ Answer: b) Xylem -
The process of photosynthesis helps to:
a) Provide energy to plants and release oxygen
b) Provide energy to animals only
c) Absorb oxygen and release carbon dioxide
d) Store oxygen in the soil
✅ Answer: a) Provide energy to plants and release oxygen
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